07_Simple

英语谓语的核心是 auxiliary verb and notional verb，而对助动词和实义动词组合关系的探讨，即是探讨时态问题

1 英文时态体系概述

四时四态

tense:

• present

• past

• future

• past future

aspect:

• simple

• continuous

• perfect

• perfect continuous

四时四态构成了 16 种时态

一个万能公式：

Tense	(Modal)	(Perfect)	(Continuous)	Verb
PAST or PRESENT	(WILL)	(HAVE+ED)	(BE+ING)	VERB

• Tense 表示“时”，最基本的两种时：present and past

• Modal 表示英语谓语中的“情态”，这里以 will 为代表的。tense and modal 就构成了另外两种时：future(will) and past future(would)

• Perfect 完成体

• Continuous 进行体

一般时态：零体态 进行时态：进行体 完成时态：完成体 完成进行时态：完成体 + 进行体

2 一般现在时

用法1：expressing a general truth

表述不受时间限制的东西

用法2：expressing a regularly occuring event

比较用法：一般现在时和完成进行时

一般现在时：泛泛的谈时间，并没有时间段的概念 完成进行时：有“到目前为止”的时间段概念

• I have been winter swimming for about four years.

• I have been winter swimming since 1984.

用法3：表示正在发生的动作

1. 用在 there, here 开头的句子中，表示目前短暂的动作

• Here comes your wife.

• There goes our bus; we'll have to wait for the next one.

1. 表示说话时即时发生的动作

• Michael passes to Clint. Clint to Jack, Jack back to Clint -- and Clint shoots -- and it's a goal!

• The woman is a spy, now she enters the room, opens the drawer, takes out a pistol and slips it into her pocket.

• Watch carefully. First I pick up the receiver, dial the number I want, then drop the coin into the slot as required.